Medwise by Pratheeba

  Introduction Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a mosquito-borne viral disease that mainly affects the brain. It is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a member of the flavivirus family. Although most infected people do not develop symptoms, a small number may develop severe brain inflammation (encephalitis), which can be life-threatening. Japanese encephalitis is an important public health concern in many parts of Asia, including India. Vaccination and mosquito control are the most effective ways to prevent the disease. What Is Japanese Encephalitis? Japanese encephalitis is a viral infection transmitted through the bite of infected Culex mosquitoes, especially Culex tritaeniorhynchus. The virus naturally circulates among pigs and water birds, which act as amplifying and reservoir hosts. Humans are accidental or dead-end hosts because they usually do not develop high enough levels of the virus in the blood to infect mosquitoes. How Is Japanese Encephalitis Spread? Japane...

Introduction Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the body is unable to regulate blood sugar (glucose) levels properly. If left untreated, diabetes can damage the heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves, and blood vessels. However, with early diagnosis, healthy lifestyle changes, and appropriate medical treatment, people with diabetes can lead healthy and active lives. What Is Diabetes? Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Glucose is the body's main source of energy and comes from the food we eat. The hormone insulin, produced by the pancreas, helps glucose enter the body's cells to be used for energy. When the body does not produce enough insulin or cannot use it effectively, glucose builds up in the bloodstream, leading to diabetes. Types of Diabetes Type 1 Diabetes Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system destroys...

  Introduction Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has become a major public health concern in many tropical and subtropical countries. It is caused by the dengue virus and is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Aedes mosquito, primarily Aedes aegypti. Dengue can affect people of all ages and may range from a mild illness to a severe, life-threatening condition. Early recognition of symptoms and timely medical care are essential to reduce complications. What Is Dengue Fever? Dengue is a viral infection caused by one of the four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3, and DENV-4). A person can become infected more than once because infection with one serotype does not provide lifelong immunity against the others. How Is Dengue Spread? Dengue is spread through the bite of an infected female Aedes mosquito. These mosquitoes usually bite during the daytime, especially in the early morning and late afternoon. They breed in clean, stagnant...

  Introduction  Anemia is one of the most common nutritional and public health problems worldwide. It affects people of all ages but is especially common among children, adolescent girls, women of reproductive age, and pregnant women. Anemia can reduce a person's ability to study, work, and carry out daily activities. Early diagnosis and proper treatment can prevent many of its complications. What is Anemia? A condition in which the hemoglobin content of blood is lower than normal for age and gender.Think of red blood cells like delivery trucks and hemoglobin—an iron-rich protein inside them—as the actual cargo space. Their main job is to pick up oxygen from your lungs and deliver it to the rest of your body. When you have anemia, your body doesn't get enough oxygen, which leaves you feeling tired and weakness. Causes  Anemia can occur for several reasons, including: •Iron deficiency •Deficiency of vitamin B12 or folic acid •Blood loss due to heavy menstrual bleeding, inj...